Essay on The Debate Over Internet Censorship - 1547 Words

The Debate Over Internet Censorship Many people believe the Internet has become the World’s Emancipation Proclamation. They believe that this newfound cyber-freedom will free countless generations of people. These people will be of every race, creed and color, whose lives, up until now, have been restrained by the paradigm of governments. Whether it is the United States Government, or the government of a foreign nation, the Internet will be our new Underground Railroad of cyberspace. Recently, the World Wide Web has come under fire from various forms of censorship. Singapore has been a giant of aggressiveness in regard to censorship and technology. But even with Singapore’s relentless efforts for control of the World†¦show more content†¦We can understand from reading historical events why censorship does exist, and why it may exist in excess in one country as opposed to another. Kolko, Regan and Romano state: Bill Gates noted that all countries—from Singapore and China to the U.S. and Europe—wanted to control what they perceived to be undesirable material [9]. Germany is concerned over neo-Nazi content; Britain wants to protect state secrets. France (following the posting of Le Grand Secret, a banned book about the late President Francois Mitterand’s fight against cancer, which apparently violated medical secrecy and privacy laws) is proposing that the European countries start drafting international rules for the Internet [19]. Even the U.S., often regarded as a bastion of free speech and expression, now has to grapple with the â€Å"communication decency† due to the telecommunications legislation passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton this past February. (429) By attempting to censor the Internet are we taking the application of existing laws that apply to our physical and tangible world and modifying them to fit the world of electronic technology and cyber space? Are current local, state, and federal laws applicable to restricting the super-highway of worldwide information? William D. Rumsey, Ph.D. of Philosophy at Indiana University Southeast, brought up a very good pointShow MoreRelated Should the Internet be censored? Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages Should the Internet be censored? From colonial times to the present, the media in America has been subject to censorship challenges and regulations. The Internet has become a vast sea of opportunity. Everyone is seizing the moment. The good and the bad of society have reduced the meaning of the Internet. Menace threatens each onlooker, as people browse the many pages of Cyberspace. As the new technological advances help to shape our society, one cannot help but think of the dangers waiting to preyRead MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand with the internet came cyber-attacks. Governments all over the world continuously have to adjust to the new technology with policies that take away the rights and privacy of their citizens. How far is one supposed allow its country to spy on its citizens and take away their right to privacy? It is not the citizens’ responsibility to worry about the safety of the people, thus the cost of safety should not be on the shoulders of th e people. People who object to internet censorship believe thatRead MoreThe Invention Of The World Wide Web1674 Words   |  7 Pagesto another, to wondering if it were safe, there have always and will continue to be questions about the great creation. As time has passed and the web has gotten more sophisticated, more questions are constantly brought up wondering how safe the internet is for the users. Those users ranging from businesses that use the web to gather consumers to the casual user who roams leisurely through the web for various reasons. In this day and age where the web is such an essential part of life, there areRead MoreInternet Censorship: Censoring Freedom Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesmatter of seconds. Ever since the internet was first made publically available in 1991 the ease of accessing entertainment, education, and information has been increasing every year. We now live in an age where roughly 30% of all people in the entire world are connected to the web (World Inter net Usage Statistics New and World Population Stats). However, despite the obvious advantages of the internet’s freedom, some countries are trying to control the internet and display what it deems appropriateRead MoreCensorship on the Internet Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship on the Internet Five years after the first world wide web was launched at the end of 1991, The Internet has become very popular in the United States. Although President Clinton already signed the 1996 Telecommunication ActI on Thursday Feb 8, 1996, the censorship issue on the net still remains unresolved. In fact, censorship in cyberspace is unconscionable and impossible. Trying to censor the Internet its problematic because the net is an international issue, there is no standard forRead MoreEssay Censorship Is Wrong846 Words   |  4 Pages Censorship: an official authorised to examine printed matter, films, news, etc., before public release, and to suppress any parts on the grounds of obscenity, a threat to security, etc. (Dictionary, MS Encarta) Censorship is the removal of material from public viewing or the ability to withhold any material from being released. Using this definition, this issue of pornography seems to be in the grey area of the censorship debate. On the one side there are the people who want to protect theirRead MoreFeminism and Pornography: Differing Views1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe pornography debate has been an issue within the feminist movement that has been pushed to the periphery in recent times. It is not as widely seen on the main stage of the feminist agenda and this may be because of a division in feminist thought with regards to pornography. Generally speaking, there are â€Å"pro-sex† feminists who believe that women have the right to do what they wish with their bodies and there are â€Å"pro-censorship† feminists who believe pornography is inherently degrading and violentRead MoreDo Internet Service Providers Have a Responsibility to Regulate the Content That Is Available on t he World Wide Web? Is the Presence and Ease of Availability of Pornography to the General Public a Tribute to Free Speech1116 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years, society has found ways to record sexual experiences via paint, print, film and with recent technology, the Internet. Society has used every technological step forward to portray the sexual act. With each step forward this has increased the pornography forum to a broader audience. This audience is being propelled by a powerful urge to see images of sex. Nowadays pornography and the Internet, go hand in hand. However who is regulating this material, the website companies want to makeRead MoreEssay on Theme of Censorship in Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511669 Words   |  7 Pages Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press (U.S. Constitution). Throughout the ages, censorship has shown up in various forms ranging from printed works to television and the Internet. It can have the positive effect of protecting children from things they are too immature to view, but it can also have negative effects. Censorship may even suppress new and different ideas, keeping them from being made public. It may also set limitations, which stifle the creativityRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesor another, many are calling for the censorship of Internet pornography. While some say it is a necessity when it comes to the industry, others argue it is downright unlawful. Internet pornography is a billion dollar industry that shows no signs of slowing down. Some argue that it may be high time to step in and slow it down for them in the form of censorship. A recent study concluded that there are around 4.2 million pornographic websites on the Internet, which make up about 12 percent of the

Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

There are many research methods from which to take for a typical research methodological analysis. In the research methodological analysis there is the undermentioned general treatment on the conducting of the research and some apprehension of type basic construct of the qualitative and quantitative methods. There are many research methods from which to take from. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research methods are the technique of probe used to carry on a survey. They include the usage of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation or field work with the community being studied together with the reading of official statistics and historical paperss and other techniques non so widely used. By and large there are three chief methodological analysiss. Qualitative methods Van Maanen ( 1983 ) defines qualitative methods as â€Å" an array of interpretative technique which seek to depict, decode, and translate and other wise come to term with the significance, non the frequence, of certain more or less of course happening phenomena in the natural universe. † Quantitative Methods Easterby-smith et Al ( 1995 ) described four chief ways of assemblage of quantitative informations: Interviews Questionnaires Tests/Measure Observation While they stress that the differences between quantitative and qualitative techniques is non ever clear. Quantitative methodological analysiss have an accent on the importance of establishing research upon protocol and technique. In this piece of research the writer will trust on quantitative methodological analysis in the signifier of secondary informations through assorted beginnings of database. These databases will include nose count informations to execute the analysis and happen out the consequences. The instance study country: Salford, Greater Manchester Manchester ‘s â€Å" twin metropolis † , Salford, adjoins it across the River Irwell and portions much of its history. The wider Greater Manchester part is made up of 10 metropolitan local governments: Bolton Bury Manchester ( City of ) Oldham Rochdale Salford ( City of ) Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan The metropolitan authorization known as the ‘City of Salford ‘ comprises 20 wards and has a population of 216,000. In this survey GIS application will be used along with spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness – and hence for the economic system – because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The Health, Housing and Fuel Poverty Forum ( Mawle, 2008 ) , funded by cardinal authorities ( Defra ) is the type of policy enterprise which is conformable to being informed by sound GIS and spacial analysis work: â€Å" The focal point of this undertaking is to supply a tried, long-run and to the full sustainable attack to significantly cut downing, and finally extinguishing wellness inequalities across the state caused or exaggerated by hapless lodging and fuel poorness. † ( Mawle, 2008 ) The survey used GIS, spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness – and hence for the economic system – because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The vulnerable aged on low incomes form the bulk of those in fuel poorness nationwide. The issue will hence be an increasing job for national and local policymakers due to the aging population and therefore more elaborate research is required. Larger Numberss of aged people are now populating longer and because of other factors ( e.g. the cost of long-run attention and the basic desire to stay ‘at place ‘ ) are frequently remaining in their ain places for every bit long as possible. Harmonizing to the UK Public Health Association ( UKPHA, 2008 ) , an extra 40,000 deceases each twelvemonth nationally can be attributed to fuel poorness. Methods Data and methods The 2001 nose count of population was used in the analysis as a chief beginning of informations. The information on socio-economic conditions in Salford was gathered along with the maps of the country utilizing a assortment of resources. Specifically, informations on wellness, lodging, household constellation and other conditions in Salford ‘s wards were obtained from the 2001 Census via NOMIS or CASWEB. Maps were obtained from Ordnance Survey and other beginnings. Census informations In the nose count, ‘health ‘ was chiefly covered by two inquiries. First, responses confirm whether a individual considers themselves to be in ( a ) ‘good wellness ‘ , ( B ) ‘fairly good ‘ wellness or ( degree Celsiuss ) non in good wellness. Second, informations will be the available on whether respondents suffer from ‘limiting long-run conditions ‘ . Some other variables will be envisaged may impact people ‘s wellness in this part. These will be: whether lodging adjustment provided, or did non supply, cardinal warming ; whether people lived as portion of a twosome or lived entirely ; and whether people will be economically active or inactive ( i.e non in work, instruction or preparation ) . Consequences and Analysis Datas processing: Function Health is affected by a assortment of life style and environmental factors, including where people live, features of these locations ( including societal and environmental exposure ) . Health by and large has a spacial dimension – the wellness of the population varies harmonizing to where people live. So scientists and research workers have begun to utilize GIS package to research the potency of maps for understanding the spacial kineticss of wellness and the socioeconomic, environmental and other factors impacting which affect people ‘s wellness ( see for illustration Loslier, 2008, Gao et al 2008, Susi and Mascarenhas, 2002 ) . The tabular array of property informations was joined to the Greater Manchester map to bring forth set of maps demoing wellness inequalities across the part. Other maps were created to picture the distribution of factors impacting wellness. The Greater Manchester maps demo that the Manchester and Salford countries have the lowest figure of healthy people in the part ( see fig. 2 ) . From a simple ocular reading of the maps identified the countries with the worst wellness. This present more probe on this country below. Salford is one of the countries with the worst wellness in the Greater Manchester part. Health and other socioeconomic factors across Greater Manchester local governments Maps These were obtained from EDINA Ordnance Survey for both the Greater Manchester country as a whole and Salford ‘s component wards. The first portion of the Maps will demo the lodging and wellness determiners such as cardinal warming, people in good wellness and economic activity of Greater Manchester. While the 2nd portion of the maps will concentrate on Salford. First Part: Function Housing and Health Determinants of Greater Manchester Second Part: Maping Housing and Health Determinants of Salford Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the NOMIS web site was prepared and saved as a dbf file and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford. Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the CASWEB web site was prepared and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford ( as shown in fig. ) . Eight maps were produced to picture the countries that have the highest figure of healthy and unhealthy people ( utilizing our two indexs of wellness ) , with the other maps demoing the chief factors impacting wellness in the borough. From the maps it can be seen that the highest per centum of healthy people is located in Worsley and Boothstown ward, while the highest per centum of unhealthy people live in Langworthy and the surrounding wards. These wards are the nearest to the metropolis Centre ( cardinal Manchester – the focal urban Centre for Salford and the Greater Manchester part as a whole ) .The other maps illustrate the factors which affect wellness in Salford. The maps of adjustment with and without cardinal warming show that the highest per centum of houses with cardinal warming is located in Worsley and Boothstown, Walkden, Little Hulton and Irlam ward. This is where the healthiest people live. The lowest per centum of places with cardinal warming was found in Langworthy – where the people with last degrees of wellness ( measured by our two indexs ) live. This is evidently a simplification of the subject, but it helps us construct up a image of fuel poorness in Salford. The maps of people populating entirely or in twosomes show that the highest per centum of twosomes is once more in Worsley and Boothstown ward, whereas the highest proportions of people populating entirely be given to be located in the wards near Manchester metropolis Centre. Furthermore, the same image can be seen in the maps of economically active and inactive people, with the highest per centum of economically active people shacking in Worsley and Boothstown ward. Long-run unwellness The 3rd set of maps in this undertaking compares long-run unwellness in Salford with the same factors identified earlier ( fig. ) . The maps show a strong relationship between degrees of long-run unwellness and places without cardinal warming. The highest Numberss of people with no long-run unwellness ( what we might hence specify as the healthiest people measured on these footings ) were found in Worsley and Boothstown ward. This ward has the most belongingss with cardinal warming, and the bulk of its occupants are economically active and unrecorded in twosomes. Preliminary decisions From all the maps above we can reason that wellness may be affected by a assortment of factors. These factors include ( I ) environmental issues like air pollution, ( two ) societal factors such as populating entirely or in a couple/with a household, and ( three ) economic factors such as being in employment ( and the wealth derived functions this connotes ) , and the sort of lodging adjustment people can afford to populate in. Statistical analysis of the consequences The information will be analyzed utilizing SPSS package, so utilizing arrested development statistics to find whether there is significance. The information will be modeled the extent to which wellness is affected by variables such as cardinal warming, being economically active, populating in a twosome and so on. Map studies can be used to turn to the out semen from the analysis of the geographical informations. Arrested development analysis: In the undermentioned subdivision there will be an analysis of consequences through arrested development analysis by utilizing multiple variables. In SPSS a simple method â€Å" Analyze. Regression. LinearaˆÂ ¦.. † in each instance will be followed. There will be the choice of different standard ( dependent ) and the forecaster ( independent ) variables and will used the multiple arrested development theoretical account four times. Multiple arrested development analysis ( MRA ) is a utile method for bring forthing mathematical theoretical accounts where there are several ( more than two ) variables involved. Multiple Regression analysis: the multivariate arrested development was used for at least four times to analyse the relationship between assorted variable of lodging and wellness inequalities. Peoples in good wellness and unstanderised predicted variables. The multiple arrested developments will utilize tally of people in good wellness as a dependant variable and assorted other in dependent factors as in a variable entered tabular array. In the Standard Residual subdivision of the casewise diagnostic tabular array above, instance Numberss 33 is negative. This could be explained by a figure of factors – for illustration, possibly it is due to a higher than usual proportion of aged people in the local population. The 2001 nose count informations for Salford shows that 8 % of the populations are in the 65-74 twelvemonth age class, with the mean age for Salford being 38 old ages of age. Salford as a whole is sing a population diminution of 6 % with an progressively aging population. The 2001 nose count informations besides demonstrates this point, with 9.53 % of the population being economically inactive due to being for good ill or handicapped. This is higher than the national norm of 5.3 % within England and Wales. An ageing population, combined with people with sick wellness and low incomes will hold an impact upon future services and wellness in Salford ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From Graph 1 it can be seen that there is a positive linear relationship between people in good wellness and unstandardized predicted value of the independent variable. It is a positive relationship with a statistical tantrum. Second Multivariate Regression Analysis: The 2nd multiple arrested development analysis was carried out between % of people in good wellness and other variable factors such as being economically active, holding cardinal warming, populating in a twosome. In this arrested development model the relationships between one dependant variable with multiple independent variables has been analyzed. This is how multiple arrested developments are largely used for multivariate analysis ( Bryamn and Caremer, 2005 ) . This gives the ability of multivariate arrested development to analyse the relationships between one dependant variable and multiple independent variables. An advantage of multivariate arrested development is that weak variables with small statistical significance can be dropped from the theoretical account to do the staying variables important. But in the undermentioned instance no variables were dropped in order to understand different variables ‘ consequence on wellness. From the above tabular array Model Summary there is the analysis of assorted factors such as R is a step of the correlativity between the ascertained value and the predicted value of the standard variable. In the illustration this would be the correlativity between the per centum of people in good wellness and the degrees predicted by the forecaster variables. R Square ( R2 ) is the square of this step of correlativity and indicates the proportion of the discrepancy in the standard variable. In kernel this is a step of how good a anticipation of the standard variable we can do by cognizing the forecaster variables. The value R2 is a fraction between 0.0 and 1.0, and has no units. An R2 value of 0.0 agencies that X does non assist you predict Y. There is no additive relationship between X and Y, and the best-fit line is a horizontal line traveling through the mean of all Y values. A When R2 equals 1.0, all points lie precisely on a consecutive line with no spread. Knowing Ten Lashkar-e-Taibas you predict Y absolutely. From the above consequences the R2 is.659 which indicates a 65 % tantrum in the theoretical account. Adjusted R Square value is calculated which takes into history the figure of variables in the theoretical account and the figure of observations ( participants ) our theoretical account is based on. This means that 65 % of the variableness of dependent variable is explained by the variableness of the dependent variables. This tabular array is of import. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that our theoretical account histories for 64.9 % of discrepancy in the good wellness. 35.1 % of the discrepancy Idaho due to the random mistake. B. Dependent Variable: % Good or Reasonably Good Health The ANOVA portion of the end product tells us whether the arrested development equation is explicating a statistically important part of the variableness in the dependant variable from variableness in the independent variables. A P value is a step of grounds. The smaller the value of P, the greater the grounds against a simpler theoretical account than one of the possible involvement. The usage of P 0.05 as a cut-off is a convention which has an historic footing instead than a scientific, mathematical or philosophical footing. Horgan ( 2001 ) described that a p-value provides a step of whether an independent variable is associated with the dependant variable. A little p-value implies that it is. In this study we have said that an independent variable is significantly associated with the dependant variable if its p-value is less than 5 % ( i.e. P lt ; 0.05 ) . These can be interpreted as significance that there is a 95 % opportunity that the given interval will incorporate the true p arametric quantity of involvement. This tabular array reports an ANOVA, which assesses the overall significance of our theoretical account. As P lt ; 0.05 the theoretical account is important. This theoretical account is utile. In the end product from this arrested development analysis, as with the simple arrested development, sing the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. From the above tabular array it can be concluded that, % economically active, % cardinal warming and % of married are statistically non-significant as the T values and ( T gt ; 2 or t lt ; -2 ) and Sig. ( Sig. lt ; 0.05 ) are harmonizing to the statistical significance relationship. The Standardized Beta Coefficients give a step of the part of each variable to the theoretical account. A big value indicates that a unit alteration in this forecaster variable has a big consequence on the standard variable. The T and Sig. ( P ) values give a unsmooth indicant of the impact of each forecaster variable – a large absolute T value and little P value suggests that a forecaster variable is holding a big impact on the predicted variables. Scatter secret plan A spread secret plan allows ocular appraisal of the relationship between the response and forecaster variable. In the in writing class individual independent variables those have an affect on the wellness has been taken in order to analyse the relationship with dependent variable. In graph No.3 above a consecutive line comfortably tantrums through the informations ; hence a additive relationship exists. The spread above the line is rather high, so there is a strong additive relationship. Hence the graph indicates a strong relationship as people who are economically active are in good wellness. However, the Scatter Plot and Line of Best Fit do non state us the values of a and B ; nor do they state us if B is zero ( or near adequate to be taken as nothing ) . It surely seems that there is a positive relationship between people in good wellness and people who are economically active. The 2001 nose count showed that 39.33 % of Salford ‘s population is economically active, compared with an norm of 40.55 % within England and Wales. 13.53 % is economically inactive due to retirement, compared with the England and Wales norm of 13.54 % ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From the above consequences the R2 is 0.564 which indicates a 56 % tantrum in the theoretical account. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that the theoretical account histories for 55 % of discrepancy in a modification long term unwellness. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 56 % of the variableness of restricting long term unwellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 44 % is due to random mistake. For farther analysis of the relationships of different independent variables, the T-ratio statistics is analyzed coefficient tabular array. From the above theoretical account sum-up tabular array The R-squared is 1.000, intending that about 100 % of the variableness of good wellness is accounted for by the variables in the theoretical account. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 100 % of the variableness of wellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 0 % if the discrepancy is due to random mistake. R squared is a statistical step of how good a arrested development line approximates existent informations points. R squared is a descriptive step between nothing and one, bespeaking how good one term is at foretelling another. From the theoretical account summary the R squared value is equal to one as besides the adjusted R square, the greater the ability of that theoretical account to foretell a tendency. The more variableness of the dependant variable is being explained by the variableness of the independent variables. A value of R squared equal to one, indicates that the theoreti cal account provides perfect anticipations ( Middleton, 2006 ) . The end product from the ANOVA tabular array, as with the simple arrested development, we look to the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. Further analysis of the relationship between heath and other independent variables, the T-ratio statistics has been carried out in the tabular array below. The above graph No.10 indicates a negative relationship as most of the people who are economically inactive tend to be in good wellness. This graph is opposed to chart No. 3 which is for economically active. There are high degrees of unemployed families, in peculiar those in the â€Å" ne’er worked † and â€Å" long term unemployed † classs and high per centums of people in reception of a means-tested benefit. The 2001 nose count besides reports that 3.81 % of the population is economically inactive due to unemployment with 10.25 % holding ne’er worked and 28.29 % classed as long-run unemployed. 5.89 % are economically inactive due to looking after household or the place ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . The paper examined through function and statistical analysis the relationship between lodging determiner and wellness. There are some lodging factors such as employment, lodging term of office and matrimonial position and their impact on wellness. It can be concluded from the determination that there is positive and negative relationship between wellness and lodging determiner such as economically active and inactive, married twosome and populating entirely. The relationship between hapless lodging and ailment wellness has been understood for centuries. This relationship has been illustrated by a figure of different researches clip by clip such as Lowry 1991, Friedman 2010 on lodging and wellness. Farrand said that â€Å" Action is besides required so as to cut down the inauspicious effects on kids and their instruction from unequal lodging † . In recent old ages policies such as wellness and sustainable development are progressively being inter-linked to those policies that m ight hold an affect on environmental wellness and lodging. Theses attacks has based on the rule of sustainable development. Infect sustainable development attacks in lodging development could better people wellness and cut down fuel poorness but utilizing less and in ore efficient the resources available to them. In position of the fact that the Census is carried at 10 twelvemonth intervals and the same information has been used in the current research which is 10 old ages old while the new will be available in 2011. 2001 Census information is of historic involvement and nevertheless it provides really utile baseline information on even on little countries of the metropolis. The Census contains valuable information on such as family composings, population, wellness and economic activities. From the function of Greater Manchester it can be concluded that ( see Fig. 1-9 ) Salford metropolis has the lowest scope of people in good wellness 87-88 % except Manchester and Wigan. Besides th e per centum of people non in good in good wellness is in Salford 11-12 % ( Census 2001 ) . the statistically analysis of the 2001 Census information shows overall a significance of P value lt ; 0.05 which means that there is a significance relationship between the dependant and predicted independent variables. Although the information is 10 old ages old but it is a nationally recognized and trusted informations. There may be a batch of betterments in the last 10 old ages but due to the fact that there is no secondary informations handiness it could be really hard to estimations informations based on assorted socioeconomic factors. From spread secret plan diagram of assorted dependent and independent variables it can be concluded that there is strong positive and negative linear relationship except with cardinal heating where there is a weak positive and negative additive relationship. Through the tabular array 1 and 2 in the appendices shows clear that people non in good wellness are among the lowest in Greater Manchester part followed by North West County and in England. Although the cardinal warming has no or really small relationship with people in wellness but there are other factors such as economic position, matrimonial relationship and term of office. Recommendation: Every local authorization has a responsibility in this instance Salford metropolis council to see the lodging status and its impact on wellness on an one-year footing under the Housing Act 1985. The local authorization should put their ain marks and strategic standards which must fulfill the home is fit for the people. If the local authorization see a home fails to carry through the basic standards and non suited for populating so the local authorization has the responsibility to take necessary action to cover with the belongings to halt further spreading of lodging related wellness jobs. It is of import that policies related to wellness policies should besides reflect lodging conditions and the ways to better both lodging and wellness conditions. It is the understood that hapless lodging non affects merely physiologically but besides on an single overall wellness conditions. Sustainable solutions should be imposed on in order to better lodging in general while heating and insularity in peculiar. farther research is needed to measure the complexness oh lodging and wellness indexs and find ways in which fuel poorness can be cut down or eradicated. How to cite Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Cultural Competence and Diversity in Healthcare

Question: Critically examine and reflect upon cultural competence and diversity in healthcare based on your practice learning experiences to date. A rationale for your chosen approach to reflection. A critical reflective discussion of cultural competence and diversity in healthcare within the context of the four Nursing and Midwifery Council domains of professional values; communication and interpersonal skills; nursing practice and decision making; leadership management and teamwork. A critical review and evaluation of how these experiences will influence and inform your nursing practice. Reference to relevant literature to support your discussion using the APA referencing format. Answer: Introduction The objective of this paper is to present my reflection on cultural competence and diversity in healthcare. This paper is based on my personal experiences. The cultural competence and diversity in health care depends on the way health is defined (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). The term health could be defined from multiple perspectives. The definition of health could be based on the perceptive of multiple worldviews. An important definition of health is from Person perspective. Fawcett describes the person as the recipient of nursing, including individuals, families, communities, and other groups. Another important worldview is Environment. According to Fawcett the environment refers to the persons significant others and physical surroundings, as well as to the setting in which nursing occurs, which ranges from the persons home to clinical agencies to society as a whole (Miller, 2006). I think that health is a subjective term and health could have multiple connotations. For example, hea lth could be related to physical fitness, mental satisfaction, psychological wellbeing etc. I personally believe that good health is a mental frame or feeling of belief and confidence. It would include physical health as well as mental health. In this paper I have used the four Nursing and Midwifery Council domains of professional values; communication and interpersonal skills; nursing practice and decision making; leadership management and teamwork.A brief definition of these four domains can be discussed as: Professional values: These values refer to the professional values that nurses carries as a part of their profession (Peek Park, 2013). I have learned that these values should be common across all the nurses and NMC promotes high ethical and moral values as the professional values of nurses Communication and interpersonal skills: This domain refers to the need to communication and interpersonal skills that the nurses should have (Parker, 1998). It is important that the nurses should be able to communicate effectively with patients and other stakeholders. Decision Making: This domain on NMC focuses on the effective decision-making. It is important that nurses should not waste the time to take critical decisions Leadership management and teamwork: As the nurses grow in profession, it is important that they must have the traits of leaders In this reflection paper, I would discuss my learning of past three years and I would share my experiences in all the four domains. The Phenomenological community I belong to is nursing. As nurses we share knowledge, we conduct research and perform evidence based practice. We put into effect what we have learned, seen, experienced and place together all of the outcomes to provide better care for our patients. The field of nursing has changed greatly over the past few years and many older nurses are more outgoing and willing to help the new nurses with their understanding and application when they are just starting off (Balls, 2009). Nurses are super caring, involved in the community and gain pride in helping others. The reflection cycle that I have used in this paper can be shown as: The story that I would follow with this reflective model is the way a trusting relationship is build with the patient as well as their family. Analysis I would like to begin the analysis with the definition of the terms like cultural competency, diversity and reflection. These terms are defined with respect to their application in the health care industry. Cultural competence: Cultural competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professions to work effectively in cross-cultural situations (Delgado Ness, 2013). Another definition of cultural competency is the ability to manage the cultural differences in a multicultural environment. Diversity: Diversity in health care refers to the state of being diverse. This is the state where the stakeholders have different and diverse background (Long, 2012) Another definition of diversity and diverse workforce is the presence of people from different cultural backgrounds and different attitudes. Critical Reflection: The term critical reflection means that the content of this paper is based on my learning and experiences I believe that spirituality has an important role to play in healthcare diversity. I would like to start my reflection with the role of spirituality in health care industry and cultural competency in health care. Spirituality has an important role to play in health care industry (Seright, 2012). It is correct to say that philosophical and cultural tension has increased between science and religion. I believe that this tension could reduce and both science and religion could co-exist in health care industry. With time and with advancements in science, health care industry has seen various transformations (Dogan, 2012). However, I believe that spirituality still exists in the roots of health care industry. With time, the definition of spirituality and being spiritual has also changed (Olson, 2015). I believe that spirituality is not only about God and Christ. Spirituality is a broader term that provides confidence and strength to patients and their family members. It also provided stre ngth of doctors, physicians, nurses and other stakeholders. This tension between science and religion could be eased if people are open to accept the viewpoints of other people with different views. The reflection cycle for this reflective paper can be discussed as: Description Cultural diversity and cultural competence care is something that all nurses will struggle with at one point or another during their practice due to the increase progression of diverse populations. This issues focuses on my personal experiences of patients with different cultural backgrounds. Cultural competence can include: language, religion, beliefs, customs, traditions, etc. and all should be respected no matter what the current medical situation is being presented. I find that within my current community, although everyone's culture is similar to my own, when I go to work in another community their is a broad variety of cultures that are either similar to my own or completely different. This was an issue as I have to manage the people from different cultural backgrounds and I was not able to develop good rapport with all the patients. It is interesting to get to know these patients and their culture as it helps me not only perform needed care but also understand their healthcare needs based upon their own current practices. I feel that by knowing and understanding their culture it also helps me advocate for their healthcare needs as well which leads to higher patient satisfaction, compliance, and most importantly helps me build a trusting relationship with the patient as well as their family. By getting to know the patient, I am able to treat them holistically, which shows them my true passion and caring nature toward their health. However, I was not sure that how to deal with the patients when they belong to different culture and they are not able to show confidence in you. There was an Indian patient named Sarabjit and she was not able to share anything with. Probably she was not comfortable with the service provider of any other culture. Feelings I was not feeling good and in fact I was feeling bit apprehensive at the starting. However, my colleagues told me that it was natural and it happens a lot of time in nursing practice. Unlike my situation however, I do understand that as nurses being able to learn cultural competence has to occur at a very fast pace regardless of the specialty area or unit in which we work due to the high patient demand. There are several challenges that inhibit the progression of culturally competent care within the communities but there are many progressions that are being made as well with medical facilities incorporating more culturally diverse staff, educational programs, etc. that are becoming readily available for their staff members. According to Truong, Paradies, and Priest (2014), culturally competent care can increase once the nurse is aware of their own values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors as well as help the nurse increase development of their assessment and communication skills. Evaluation The challenges that community nurses face while providing care for different communities include language barriers (Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, 2013). Some of the possible solutions to language barriers is providing educational materials in the language of the target population. Other ways to address language barriers is to assign a community health nurse that speaks the language of the targeted population. Some of the challenges a nurse may face if she is presented with a community that is different to her are related to cultural differences, and would include barriers such as verbal and body language differences. At the same time, this is a benefit because the nurse is able to evolve their cultural competency. Conclusion In a community similar to his or her own, a nurse would feel comfortable but would not have the same room for growth that they would have in a different community. And finally, being in the same community can be restrictive, a challenge that Ive faced working in the community that I live in is encountering people I know personally or professionally as patients and finding that it is difficult for them to communicate with me as openly as a patient who was a stranger to me would. Ways to overcome these challenges are to continually stay open minded and willing to adapt to changes (Rosenkoetter, 2014). Nurses need to accept that ideal situations are dismal in this field and we all need to be willing to expand our knowledge regarding different communities. Action The action is about the action plan that I would use as a part of self-improvement. I believe that education is definitely the key to success with everything and anything. We are not only responsible for caring for our communities but also educating them so that they are able to improve their health situations (Kirmayer, 2012). However, education will only be successful if it is tailored specifically to each communities needs. First, before we are able to implement the needed changes to create a healthy community we have to get a basic understanding of where the community is and what their own personal beliefs or understandings are toward living healthy because not everyone has the same understanding and beliefs about what healthy is. Once we can understand their visions and understandings then we can begin to work with the community and tailor a plan specifically for them so that they will have a healthier community (Phyllis, 2009). Creating a healthy community is a progressive chai n of events that will not happen overnight but with proper commitment, tools, education, planning, and resources it can be accomplished to ensure better healthy for everyone. The timelines for the action plan can be shown as: Phase Time Assessment 3 weeks Framework Development 3 weeks Learning curve 15 weeks Continuous Learning Ongoing The reflection of the four Nursing and Midwifery Council domains of professional values can be discussed as: Domain 1: Professional values I believe that the nurses can have high professional values only when the community has high professional values. A healthy community will reduce racial, ethnic, and socio-economic health disparities (Community Cheer, 2011). Each community member should be given room for growth to develop skills and abilities. Community members should not be held back and should be able to share creativity and talents with each other. Communities as a whole should develop goals and produce positive outcomes. The Community/Public Health Nurse needs to focus on creating partnerships with the public, health providers, and health entities to develop healthy relationships (CDC, 2014). The American Nurses Association (ANA) feels that community health nursing must focus on the prevention of illness and the promotion and maintenance of health (Mauver Smith, 2009). Other nurse preventions/promotions for a healthy community are to write a legislator, become active in local politics, or write a letter to the e ditor of a newspaper regarding health policy issues. Domain 2: Communication and interpersonal skills According to Shepard (2004), when working with community health, the members awareness and information concerning group needs and resources are considered sporadic as their access to their necessary resources relies on existing relationships or links within the community as well as word of mouth from other members who have had previous or current positive results. All healthy communities have the same goals in common and strive to maintain their goals as much as possible. The communities as a whole work together to ensure optimal health for all its members through utilize everyones knowledge to help one another. A great example of this can be seen through creating and maintaining a community garden where all its members are able to grown their own fruits and vegetables in a designated area within the community where all the varies families are able to come daily, weekly, or monthly to obtain their needed groceries to create their balanced meals so they do not have eat fast foods and have more healthier options for their family. Or it can be seen through having community exercise programs, community transportation to medical care, more readily available medical care within the community that includes urgent care, hospitals, medical teams, etc. that can be used by everyone regardless of their socioeconomic status. Overall the primary goal of creating a healthy community is to ensure that its members are living according to their health guidelines where everyone is receiving the proper health promotion and maintenance. Through research by Smith (2009), it was found that communities where health living was pushed and supported there was improved community exercise compliance, reduced gas emissions with improved air quality, fewer injuries and even car accidents, more physical activity among adults and children, increased social development, lower body weights, and even decreased chronic disease. But before this can be achieved as a member of the healthcare team, a firm understanding of the communitys beliefs toward being a healthy community must be known and understood. Once their beliefs and understandings are known, then we can work together to create their healthy community goals. However, if their views and beliefs differ from my own, then it is important for me to understand why it differs and how to develop the proper plans, goals, and interventions based upon our differences while also reassuring the community of positives. Some things that I can do to help overcome this deficit include first and foremost, getting out within the community and actively helping its members by seeing and understanding why they live the way they live, seeing their daily patterns, understanding their concerns, etc. A lot of hands on and direct care must be taken as it can be challenging for the community to not just open up to change but also want to change based upon the recommendations of someone they do not know. Trust must be built and understanding has to be known so that everything will be individualized showing care and leading to increased compliance (Horey, 2014). This is something that will not just affect their home life, but work, school and all other aspects so compliance and maintenance can be sustained. Nursing practice and decision-making The future of nursing practice depends on insurance (Kim, 2013). The future of healthcare that excites me most is the role of public-private partnership. In the current time, most of the mid size hospitals and healthcare institutions can not afford to make huge capital investments due to high costs and risks involved. In the future, these organizations can have integration with government to focus on excellent infrastructure that can help to provide excellent healthcare services to consumers. The role of private insurance would also increase, as government cannot cover all the citizens under its insurance plans (Compton, 2013). The possible effect of health care reform from a financial and accounting perspective is an increase in the capital investment made by hospitals. At the same time, the competition is increasing in healthcare industry. Therefore, healthcare organizations may have to cut their operational cost to make way for capital expenditure. I work with a lot of elderly and it a sad sight when they end up hospitalized or in nursing homes with very few visitors other than their spouse, children, or grandchildren. Some of the elderly have no living relative and only one friend who are just as old as they are. Building a community where senior outreach is promoted can encourage seniors to be more active in their daily lives. Obstacles faced by seniors include lack of financial resources, lack of motivation, and physical limitations due to past surgeries, malnutrition, mental changes or other illnesses (Yang Lee, 2012). Promoting healthy habits at an earlier age when the individual is able such good hygiene, as you have mentioned, diet, exercise, and community involvement can help the elderly age with less complications. I hope that you will reach your goal in establishing an outreach program for the seniors of the community. Leadership management and teamwork It is critical that leaders should promote the health life in the community through health communities. A healthy community to me is one that seeks improvement in all aspect of the community (Choi Lee, 2016). It is one where healthcare is promoted through nursing outreaches or other route, and there it exists a huge social network where information is shared. A healthy community entails that its residents know what healthy behaviors, modifiable diseases, and risky behaviors are. In this type of communities, you will find people exercising, dieting and focusing on prevention of disease rather than their treatment. Most Healthy community has in common what is called healthcare community program (HCP) that are mostly put in place by the CDC. This program through leadership encourages or reinforces people commitment to healthy choices (CDC, 2015). As an example Tabaco use can be prohibited in public within certain communities where there is a HCP that makes smoking cessation a goal. For all communities out there that lack the information and the commitment to make their community a healthy place, nurses can help by implementing structures that would involve outreach, specific community leader training, disease prevention education, and monthly newsletter that will track the improvement of this specific communities. All healthy communities should be at proximity of a park where children can exercise and hospitals (Smit, 2013). My idea of a healthy community would include the ability to interact with other people in a smoke free environment. It would be a community with clean air, water and access to healthy food sources. It would include the ability for residents to have contact with natural surroundings in order to have a more walkable community to help reduce the amount of car traffic and have a healthier air quality in the community and reduce the risk of obesity and other cardiovascular and respiratory issues. While most communities are unique, most healthy communities share common traits. According to the Health Resource in Action research, some common elements include the lack of disparities, a strong economy and employment, higher education, preventative health care services, a stable environment and ecosystem, housing, the ability to have access to healthier food, safety, involvement of all community members and the development of healthy children (Nuszen Rom, 2014). It would be very difficult to expect to have all these elements in a healthy community, but understanding the most important elements needed to create a healthy community will help in successfully developing a healthy community (2015). If the idea of a healthy community didnt match my community's definition, then I would become a member of a community government group to help set up meetings with members of our neighborhood in order to assist in obtaining information on how to improve our community (Common Pathways, 2011). In trying to improve our community in working together we can all bring valuable ideas and skills that can help promote and develop a healthier community (2011). A healthy community should have election based positive leaders that communicate openly through newspaper, radio, television, or in person. The people of the community should have some decision making ability and members work together for common betterment. An example of this would be in our community, parents wanted a park. The community did not have the money to afford the full cost of what the public wanted. The community banded together and approached the city leaders with a plan devised to split the cost. The community not only raised over half the money, but over 100 volunteers came out to help build the park saving the county construction cost. As a result the kids of the community have a huge gym park, a water park, basketball court, and tennis court. The Papadopoulos model of cultural competence can be shown as: Common features of a healthy community include connecting people, providing resources, appreciating diversity, shaping the future of the community, producing leadership (common pathways, 2016), and promoting healthy habits from an early age. There are several ways to encourage the community to participate in healthier habits. One of the most effective ways is through social media. By utilizing the television, educational commercials about regular vehicle check-ups, benefits of owning a hybrid vehicle, and adverse effects of secondhand smoking. Another way to work towards a healthier community is through homeless outreach program (Lee Kim, 2012). I have found in our community we have a lot of success doing health fairs. We not only do them for general public but we partner with a lot of the local businesses and do health fairs for BP, Cholesterol, Flu Shots. We have found that a great resource to get preventative information out. We also partner with local schools doing programs such as hand hygiene and physical activity and health program. Preventative Health Maintenance Programs are a key component to the Health Program of a Healthy community (Romios Crock, 2013). We need more involved community health workers to instill life long learning and education to meet the needs of the communities in which they live in. I feel that there are many resources and campaigns out there but not sure if they are reaching their target populations such as the low income, or immigrants who come here and are afraid to seek help. These populations end up seeking care in our ERs and usually once a disease process has already begun to cause irre versible change. And I think that it would not be considered taking their fate into their own hands but rather them understanding their are resources available to help guide them into the right direction. In the last three years, I have learned that eliminating disparities, achieving health equity, and improving health for all groups are inevitable to create a healthy concept community as the Healthy People 2020 stated its goals for health promotion and disease prevention (Hart, 2014). I have also learned that community standard established by individual help in which he or she lives and it is responsibility for each one maintain positive living environment. Community standards are mutually agreed upon expectations, which guide our residential communities in maintaining a safe and respectful environment in which all are able to flourishand live healthy and wealthy life. Conclusion The above paper discusses the cultural competence diversity in health care. The above also discusses the challenges of cultural competence in nurses. Some challenges for community health nurses are different beliefs and orientation of the community to health or cultural diversity. This is why cultural diversity is one of the challenges faced by the community nurses (Branson, 2013). Therefore it is very important for the community nurse to be aware of language and cultural difference. On the other hand, the benefit is that they shared values, interests, beliefs and goals these will make it easy for the community nurse to deliver health care with little or no problem. A possible solution to the challenges is delivering the education on health care to the community through the use of interpreter when dealing with patient who does not speak English. I agree that a nurse should have cultural competency in relation to the demographic for which they are serving. This can be difficult to est ablish at first, depending on what cultures you've already been exposed to. I will admit that feeling comfortable definitely is nice, and I can be fearful at times that people from other cultures may find me to be offensive. Also, at my hospital if we need to use a phone interpreter I feel that it drags out the conversation with my patients and a lot of times they seem very confused, but I don't know if what I'm saying is being adequately translated. References Balls, P. (2009). Phenomenology in nursing research: Methodology, interviewing and transcribing.Nursing Times;105: 31, Retrieved September 18, 2015, from https://www.nursingtimes.net/phenomenology-in-nursing-research-methodology Center for Disease and Prevention. (2014). A Healthy Places. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/about.htm Choi, K. S., Lee, W. S., Park, Y. S., Jun, M., Lee, S. Y., Park, Y., ... Vipavee, T. (2016). The Relationship between Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurses' Qualities Perceived by Undergraduate Nursing Students.Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing,27(2), 163-172. Common Pathways. (2011). Healthy Communities. Retrieved August, 08, 2016 from: https://www.commonpathways.org/content/healthy-communities Delgado, D. A., Ness, S., Ferguson, K., Engstrom, P. L., Gannon, T. M., Gillett, C. (2013). Cultural competence training for clinical staff measuring the effect of a one-hour class on cultural competence.Journal of transcultural nursing,24(2), 204-213. Designing 4 Health. (2015) Elements and Common Principles of a Healthy Community. Retrieved August 26, 2016 from: https://designing4health.wordpress.com/2015/01/02/elements-and-common-principles-of-a-healthy-community/ Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., ... Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for implementing culturally competent nursing care.Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 1043659614520998. Goldman, M., Compton, C., Mittleman, B. B. (2013). Public-private partnerships as driving forces in the quest for innovative medicines.Clinical and translational medicine,2(1), 1-3. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D. (2014).Wong's nursing care of infants and children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Horvat, L., Horey, D., Romios, P., Kisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Rigo, J. (2014). Cultural competence education for health professionals.The Cochrane Library. Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., Becker, A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health.Annual Review of Public Health, 19,173-202 Jacobs, E., Shepard, D., Suaya, J., Stone, E. (2004).American Journal of Public Health Vol 94(5): 866-869.Overcoming Language Barriers in Health Care: Costs and Benefits of Interpreter Services Jeffreys, M. R., Dogan, E. (2012). Evaluating the influence of cultural competence education on students transcultural self-efficacy perceptions.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,23(2), 188-197. Kim, S. H. (2013). Transcultural Self-efficacy and Educational Needs for Cultural Competence in Nursing of Korean Nurses.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing,43(1). Kirmayer, L. (2012). Rethinking cultural competence.Transcultural Psychiatry,49(2), 149. Lee, E. J., Kim, Y. K., Lee, H. (2012). A study on the cultural competence of community health practitioners.Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing,23(2), 179-188. Loftin, C., Hartin, V., Branson, M., Reyes, H. (2013). Measures of cultural competence in nurses: An integrative review.The Scientific World Journal,2013. Long, T. B. (2012). Overview of teaching strategies for cultural competence in nursing students.Journal of cultural diversity,19(3), 102. Mareno, N., Hart, P. L. (2014). Cultural competency among nurses with undergraduate and graduate degrees: implications for nursing education.Nursing education perspectives,35(2), 83-88. Mauver, F., Smith, C., (2009).Community/Public Health Nursing Practice: Health for Families and Populations 4thed.St. Louis, MS. Elsevier Noble, A., Nuszen, E., Rom, M., Noble, L. M. (2014). The effect of a cultural competence educational intervention for first-year nursing students in Israel.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,25(1), 87-94. Olson, J. K. (2015). Knowledge Required to use the Power of Spirituality in Healthcare.Acta Paulista de Enfermagem,28(2), 3-4. Peek, E. H., Park, C. S. (2013). Effects of a Multicultural Education Program on the Cultural Competence, Empathy and Self-efficacy of Nursing Students.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing,43(5). Phyllis, M. (2009). Community Health Nursing. American Journal Of Nursing, 109(1), Retrieved from September 18, 2015, https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=834322 Renzaho, A. M. N., Romios, P., Crock, C., Snderlund, A. L. (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(3), 261-269. Seright, T. (2012). Perspectives of registered nurse cultural competence in a rural state--Part II.Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care,7(1), 57-69. Shelly, J. A., Miller, A. B. (2006).Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing(2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL.: IVP Academic. Smith, M. A. (2009). 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The Landscape of Financial Institutions in Bahrain

The Kingdom of Bahrain is a major international financial center. The banking sector takes the 2nd place in the country’s economy and provides approximately 27% of GDP. Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) is the main financial institution in the country since 2006, when it was proclaimed the new central bank. Today, it is responsible for control, inspection and licensing of the financial institutions. Its regulatory and monitoring framework plays an important role in relieving the international banks of limitations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Landscape of Financial Institutions in Bahrain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the report of CBB (30 September 2011) there were licensed 24 conventional banks (Retail), 56 conventional banks (wholesale), 26 Islamic banks, 27 locally incorporated insurance firms, 11overseas insurance firms, 48 investment firms, 33 insurance brokers, 3 insuranc e managers, 5 insurance consultants, 32 insurance firms (restricted to business outside Bahrain), 4 insurance brokers (restricted to business outside Bahrain), 2 insurance consultants (restricted to business outside Bahrain), 11 loss adjusters, 2 insurance pools and syndicates offices, 18 money changers, 4 administrators, 8 financing companies, 16 banking representative offices, 5 insurance representative offices, 11 investment firm representative offices, 2 microfinance institutions, 10 capital markets. The total amount of banks and financial institutions licensed by CBB makes 408 (Central Bank of Bahrain). There are over 180 banks in Bahrain. Banks are divided into wholesale and retail banks. Wholesale banks dominate in the region. The leading wholesale bank is ABC (Arab Banking Corporation). Leading foreign banks are: BNP Paribas Bahrain, HSBC Bahrain and Citi Bank. Wholesale banks made approximately 88 % of the total banking assets during the period 2003-2006. The leading retail banks of Bahrain are: Ahli United Bank – assets US$ 29.0 billion (the second largest bank after CBB), National Bank of Bahrain (NBB), Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait (BBK), BMI Bank, Futurebank. Market investments of retail banks made only 12.3% of total assets. The retail banks share in the market was within the limits of 11.8% – 12.3% for the same period. These statistics demonstrates that the growth of the banking assets was applied to all banks; it means that both retail and wholesale banks indicated approximately the same progress for the same period (Table 1, 2). A total value of assets in Bahrain banking sector is $199.4 billion. Today Bahrain hosts more than 171 insurance companies from all over the world. They are both: conventional and Islamic, onshore and offshore institutions. Here is the list of the largest insurance companies in Bahrain according to the value of assets:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iran Insurance Gosi Bahrain National Insurance Company BSC (c) (BNI) Oryx Insurance Protection Insurance Services WLL Bahrain Kuwait Insurance Company Trust International Insurance Company Arab Insurance Group Fakhro Insurance Services The creation of financial centers in Bahrain contributed to significant development of the insurance, reinsurance and brokerage business in the country. The branches of personal/family and motor insurance are the leading ones in Bahrain. Bahrain has long-term plans to increase the gross premiums of compulsory medical insurance to BD 190 million by 2015.† The Islamic Insurance market (T’akaful and ReT’akaful) contributions as a percentage of Total Premiums written is estimated to increase to 31.2% by 2015; the highest increase in the Gulf States (source; Swiss Re)† (Rose 701). Bahrain attracts a large number of financial companies and world-famous resellers because of its obvious tax advantages, effective system of state regulation and ultra-modern infrastructure. There are several great Bahrain companies: Arab Financial Services (provides card processing and electronic banking services), Bahrain Commercial Facilities Company (short, medium and long term consumer finance), Securities Investment Company BSC (SICO), Bahrain Financing Company (foreign exchange and money transfer services). Banks are interested in industries that supplying rapidly growing population of the region, such as pharmaceuticals, healthcare and education. The economies of the Gulf thrived, thanks to a fivefold increase of oil prices since 2002. Considerable income to the treasury brings Bahrain Refinery Company, which is the second great company in the Middle East (after the Abadan refinery in Iran). In addition to the local oil the refinery processes crude oil that comes from an underwater pipeline from Saudi Arabia (more than 10 million tons annually). The second larg est industrial facility in Bahrain is an aluminum-smelting plant â€Å"Aluminum Bahrain† (ALBA). All financial institutions and services in this country must be licensed by the Central Bank of Bahrain. CBB licensing is composed of six major categories of licenses. â€Å"Some of the activities can be carried out only for specific types of licenses, and to qualify for a certain type of license, certain activities must be carried out† (Central Bank of Bahrain). According to the Rulebook, CBB points out new basic license categories with license sub-categories: conventional banks (retail and wholesale banks); Islamic banks (retail and wholesale), insurance licensee (insurance and re-insurance firms and captive insurance companies), insurance actuaries and brokers (insurance consultants, insurance actuaries, loss adjusters, insurance managers, insurance brokers, insurance entities); specialized firms (financing firms (conventional and Islamic); leasing firms (conventional an d Islamic); money exchange firms, representative offices of foreign companies which provide regulated services, ancillary services providers for the financial sector, portfolio management services providers, special-purpose company for issuance of bonds and sukuk, special purpose company for establishment of private retirement funds and savings funds and trustee.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Landscape of Financial Institutions in Bahrain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Capital markets subdivided into securities exchanges and precious metal exchanges and mutual funds (Central Bank of Bahrain). Table 1: Wholesale and retail – banking assets Table 2: Consolidated Balance Sheet: Retail and Wholesale Banks Works Cited Central Bank of Bahrain. CBB Rulebook. Aug. 2006. Web. http://cbb.complinet.com/cbb/microsite/cbb_rulebook.html. Peter S. Rose, Sylvia C. Hudgins, Sylvia Hudgins. Bank Manageme nt Financial Services W/SP Bind-in Card. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on The Landscape of Financial Institutions in Bahrain was written and submitted by user Meggan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Experiment and Free Recall Test Essay example

Experiment and Free Recall Test Essay example Experiment and Free Recall Test Essay example Cognitive practical Description Aim: To investigate whether semantically processed words are recalled better than structurally processed words. Experimental hypothesis: Semantically processed words will be recalled better in a free recall test than structurally processed words out of a possible 20. Null hypothesis: To see whether recall of words is better due to the type of processing used. Method: Experiment. Repeated measures. IV: Types of processing i.e. semantic, structural DV: Number of words recalled correctly in free recall test out of 20. Procedure: 31 participants (males and females) took part in the study. Each participant was presented with a piece of paper of which 1-40 was written in the margin. Then words were presented on a slide show one at a time. 3 seconds for each word when question will be asked. Then a 3 second blank slide was shown to allow answers to be written down. Each question would result in a yes/no answer.20 questions were asked that would lead to semantic processing and the other 20 lead to structural processing. For example- Is it in capitals? This would be structural. Is it a game? This would be semantic. At the end of the 40 questions the experimenter would distract the participant for 1 minute. Then participants were asked to write down as many words as they could remember from the slide show on a blank piece of paper and they had 2 minutes to complete the free recall test. What controls you put in place: 1 Participant at a time. Only the experimenter and participant in the room. PowerPoint- words in Times New Roman/ words in middle of screen/ size 66/ Black/ plain slides. Each participant was shown same slide with same 3 second between each slide and 1 minute break before a surprise free recall test which lasted 2 minutes for every participant. Every participant was told the same introduction and the same debrief. Only questions leading to semantic and structural processing occurred. What ethical guidelines you followed/broke in the study: Followed: Right to withdraw/ Protection of participants/ Debrief/ Competency/ only over 16’s took part. Broke: Fully Informed Consent/ Deception Sampling method: Opportunity sampling- Using whoever is easily available to make it quick and easy. People who were under the age of 16 or someone who knows about the study couldn’t participate in the study. Number of Participants: 31 (males and females) Results: | Mean number recalled | 2.5 | 6 | Mode | 3 | 8 | median |

Law School Admission Personal Essay

Law School Admission Personal Essay Law School Admission Personal Essay Law School Admission Personal Essay While reading Law School Admission Personal Essay you should remember about the main criterion. Essay writing must be personal! While choosing admission essay topicsyou must show your individuality. Illustrate your ideas with vivid examples from your life. Give admission officers an opportunity to learn something interesting about your personality. Admission essay writing is the only way to persuade the reader that you are an appropriate candidate for the law school. Do not ask your friends to write law school admission person essay for you! Be honest while writing law school admission essay and present your personal opinion with examples. Alternatively, you may ask professional writer working at to assist you with writing. Help to write admission essay Editing law school admission personal essay check the following: Is your personal essay about you? You may smile, but this question is the best for checking personal admission essay. Sure, you may not accidentally write about Michael Jackson, however, you may accidentally include some details which perfect you. In most cases, dishonesty is disclosed very quickly. If it is difficult for you to answer this question, raise the alarm: maybe you just went away from the posed question while writing law school essay. What is said about you in college admission essay? Let's suppose that you were able to agree with your alter ego and essay was written about you. To answer the question above, write all the words that directly or indirectly describe you. Do they correspond to your personality or individuality you are trying to create? For example, you would like to describe yourself as 'white' and 'fluffy' (search keywords: white, fluffy), but in the whole essay you found only 'black' and 'slimy' Is the essay written by you? Do not panic, this is not a test for amnesia. Good essays should be approximate to your style as much as possible. In extreme cases, the whole essay must be written in one style. It's similar to strawberry cream: some say 'funny', some say 'odious'. Is it really an essay? You may be astonished by such type of question, but this question is really important. Some candidates, instead of essay, often write reports or another paper. Avoid such a mistake. Write a coherent paper with introduction, main part, and conclusion. At the end check the introduction and conclusion. Reading the introduction, admission officer must want to read the whole essay. To understand the value of the introduction, simply put it aside. If the essay looks effective without introduction - your introduction isn't original. Try to rewrite it. As for essay conclusion, it should be brief and summarize your main points. You are welcome to request custom law school admission personal essay writing help at .com. We know how to create an impressive and properly written admission essay for you! Check this out: Read more: Persuasive Essays on Abortion Essay Papers Draft Essay Rough Essays on the Intranet Womens Rights Essay

Plate Tectonics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plate Tectonics - Research Paper Example is composed of plates that are in motion with respect to one another and that the majority of the deformation associated with this motion is concentrated along the plate boundaries (Fichter, 2000). Back in 1968, Morgain provided an explanation that plate tectonics constitutes "a kinematic model which describes the relative motion between the rigid plates that make up the outer shell of Earth" (Morgan, 73). Practically, the relative motion between the plates is accommodated by seafloor spreading and the creation of new plates at ocean ridges, subduction of the surface plate at ocean trenches, and strike-slip motion at transform faults which allows plate motion without creating or removing surface plates. The motion of the continents is facilitated by the movement of the lithospheric plates, and this transport of the continents is referred to as continental drift. Plate tectonics on Earth has been determined to have been in operation for at least two billion years and may well have bee n in operation much earlier (Cawood et al., 5). theory, with its collisional orogenies and other episodic events, was in some wise dependent or interdependent upon "new catastrophism." That is, though plate tectonics largely relies upon uniformitarianism as a basis of understanding plate motion and subsurface processes, it nevertheless proffers catastrophes and other episodic events that proceed at rates greater than those existing between events. Examples include mountain building, various volcanic processes, and sea-level change resulting from mid-oceanic ridge formation. Between 1908 and 1912, Frank B. Taylor, American geologist, and Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist and astronomer, working independently, proposed the idea that the continents were not fixed on the surface of the Earth but were slowly moving about. One point of Taylor's argument was that continental drift was needed to account for the folding and compression of the Alps and the Himalayas. Wegener was more influenced by the rough parallelism between the opp osing shores of the Atlantic and by evidence of climatic changes through geological time. Later Wegener proposed that all the Earth's land area was at one time "united in a single primordial supercontinent, which he named Pangaea, from Greek meaning 'all land" (Hallam, 93). The continents had shifted, becoming increasingly separated through millions of years. He believed that the continent were made up of light-weight granitic rocks, which like giant ships driven through the heavier basaltic seas (Hallam, 95). Wegener looked upon the continents as flexible masses instead of rigid plates. Some of his work was in error, for example, the amount of time involved in continental drift. Alfred Wegener established a tradition in geology and geophysics, according to which further development of theory of plate tectonics has been formed within the scientific debate over the ideas of stationary continents and continental drift. For instance, Hallam commented that "interpretation of how science

2.How is the past shown to impact on the present for the characters of Essay

2.How is the past shown to impact on the present for the characters of La Muerte y la Doncella(Death and the maiden) - Essay Example The authorities in the story do not get to hear the story of Paulina Salas, who was kidnaped and raped by Dr. Miranda when she was young. There was Salas kidnapping because of her different political views (Dorfman 71). Thousands of Chilean citizens are believed to have disappeared during the reign of General Augusto Pinochet during the years 1973-1990. The people who had a different opinion from the government were killed. Chile, however, has a new form of government, and the citizens have to learn to live with the aftermath of General Augusto’s era. The survivors have suffered post-traumatic stress disorder, and this happens in the play by Salas’ character. The people of Chile were bleeding inside during the reign of Pinochet, who is believed to be a dictator. The country is now healing from the entire trauma and justice to the people is being served. We eventually hear Salas’ voice as she speaks out about her troubles while still in the university. The play is about the characters getting and having a voice on different matters that affect their lives. The play is not necessarily about the Chilean government as it is in an unknown South American country. Salas is sad and looks troubled at the beginning of the play. Salas is unhappy with the man the husband has befriended. She believes that is the same man that tortured her when she was trying to give her voice about her political opinions fifteen years ago (Ainsworth 3). The scene shows us how many countries in the world, mainly those in South America have grown in democracy. The citizens were not able to have a voice or else their lives would end because of it. The present governments recognize freedom of speech and people are free to talk about their troubles with the government. Salas had to suffer fifteen years ago because of her political opinions so that the rest of the people will have a voice in

Analytical Paper The Departed Essay Example for Free

Analytical Paper The Departed Essay The average trip to the theater will indulge the lesser senses, relaxing the mind while also discovering the storyline as the film progresses. When approaching a film with an analytical mindset it is important to have a deeper more developed thought process. Small details within a movie can prove to have extreme importance to the storyline sometimes having multiple meanings. While analytically watching the film The Departed it is apparent that the director Martin Scorsese uses an immense amount of symbolism along with character representation to develop the storyline. The use of animal clothing to represent the alpha male is a use of symbolism within the film that is a reoccurring. Another use of symbolism can be found in the shot of the Massachusetts State Building which entails the desire of a more lawful existence and the shot is also a reoccurring image throughout the film. The question of â€Å"what is loyalty† is a big idea that the director develops with the use of several characters along with meaningful dialogue. In Martin Scorsese’s The Departed the theme of loyalty is expressed along with the symbolism of the state building and animal clothing. In the film The Departed Matt Damon’s character Collin Sullivan infiltrates the Massachusetts State Police department as a detective who is secretly working as an informant for the Irish Mob lead by Frank Costello who is played by Jack Nicolson. Meanwhile Leonardo Dicaprio’s character Billy Costigan is placed in an undercover position within Frank Costello’s crime ring. The two informants are placed in a state of confusion as to their true identity when they become consumed with their double lives. The challenge of uncovering the identity of each other is introduced when both parties, the Police Department and the Irish Mob discover that there is a mole inside their units. Both characters reach a tragic end once their identity is reviled. Throughout the film The Departed the Irish Mob leader Frank Costello is viewed as a dominant character. This idea arises from the ruthlessness that Frank demonstrates in his criminal lifestyle. Committing multiple murders which were done in an extremely horrid manner gives supporting evidence of Frank’s dominance. Having multiple people operating under him shows that he is the leader in that he does not ask for respect he demands it. Like the lion, Frank is the king of his concrete jungle. He has a hand in every criminal occurrence and knows of everything going on in the community around him. If any person in the community rivals Frank in any way he eliminates the threat by any means, keeping him in the highest position of power. People seem to fear Frank for the threat of what he is capable of doing so if he is not respected or disobeyed in any way then severe consequences will result. Martin Scorsese takes certain scenes in which it is important for Frank to be feared and uses underlying symbolism to develop his ideas. â€Å"I’m not the cops I’m not asking†. The first scene in which animal clothing is used to show Frank dominant position is his first meeting with Billy Costigan. Frank talks down to Costigan in this scene exerting his dominance and at one point beating him repeatedly in his broken hand asking several times if Costigan is a cop. Frank uses certain dialogue to show his position of high power giving evidence that he is the king of his concrete jungle. Another scene in which Frank is shown wearing animal clothing is the scene in which Billy Costigan is meeting with Frank inside his condominium on the harbor. The true ruthlessness of Frank is yet again shown when he pulls the hand of a recently assassinated protestant man from a plastic bag. Frank then looks to Billy and says â€Å"a man can look at anything and make something out of it. For instance, I look at you and I think what can I use you for?† This entails that Frank does not truly care about Billy and that he is just another tool for Frank to use to achieve success. In this scene several responses occur, one is that Frank is a dominant tactician. An additional response comes through the symbolism of the animal clothing. This response is that Frank has an apparent disregard for human life. There is a moral obligation of people in a normal society to avoid harming one another. In the animal kingdom survival of the fittest is the law in which the animals abide by throughout daily life. Frank defies the normality of typical humans in that he has no moral obligations to take care of anyone. He eliminates anyone who interferes with his business or anyone who stands between him and accomplishing his goals. Like the lion Frank understands that if killing is the only option to keep him alive or out of jail then he will go to any end to preserve his way of life and better himself. He does what it takes to survive living life with a ruthless strong animal like persona. This idea is clearly represented throughout The Departed in which Martin Scorsese uses the symbolism of animal clothing to revel Frank’s true ruthlessness and attitude towards humans. Frank gives reason to believe that a person is only as good as what they can do for him. He is constantly setting people up to take falls for his crimes disregarding their lives family and friends. Frank’s complete disregard for the sanctity of life shows that he is a true animal in which Martin Scorsese portrays perfectly in The Departed. Without the aid of small symbolism within The Departed it would be much harder to distinguish characters true identity and intentions. The true intentions of Collin Sullivan or Detective Sullivan are most prevalent in the instances in which he is engulfed and mesmerized by the shots of the Massachusetts State Building. Collin desires to escape his criminal lifestyle by achieving success as a lawyer. He also desires to be a high-class citizen and to make something of himself unlike his father. Whenever placed in situations of trouble a shot of the Massachusetts State Building is shown it is evident that this is another use of symbolism by director Martin Scorsese. During the opening scenes of The Departed it is shown through the director’s choice of shot along with meaningful dialogue that Collin Sullivan desires to achieve greatness outside of the criminal realm. While sitting on a park bench Barrigan, Sullivan’s coworker says to Sullivan as he gazes in awe at the sight of the State Building â€Å"What are you looking at? Forget it. Your father was a janitor, and his son’s only a cop†. This first scene of the State Building opens a door to view Collin’s internal desire to have a more distinguished lawful existence rather than that of a rat lacking honor and integrity. As the film progresses it is shown through Collin’s dialogue that he is attending law school showing that he has ambitions to someday become a lawyer or politician leaving his current position which lacks honor behind. While being shown an apartment Collin is once again caught in a trance peering through his soon to be apartment window at the State Building. The realtor then makes the remarks â€Å"You move in your upper class by Tuesday†. This once again exemplifies the desires of Collin to become a person of class or someone who is respected and held in high regards by others. In the concluding scenes after the films climax which included the deaths of Costello, Costigan, and Queenan Sullivan enters his apartment to find Detective Dignam waiting to assassinate him. As Sullivan falls to the apartment floor the ever-present symbolism of the State Building is shown again. While Sullivan’s life ended in a tragic manner it is evident through the symbolism that he desired and could have achieved a lawful existence. If placed in a different environment at a young age Collin could have possibly become a great law enforcement official rather than a criminal.

The Role of Advertising in Business Essay -- Role of Market Communicat

1. INTRODUCTION 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4. SOURCES OF DATA 5. RESEARCH DESIGN 6. CONCLUSIONS 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. INTRODUCTION Advertising in business is a type of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate a customer to take or continue to take some action. The desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering. The primary role of advertising is to inform potential customers of the products and services in the market and convince them to make a purchase. Through advertisements customers are informed of new products, their role, their benefit and the prices at which they are being made available to the customer. It is a technique used to influence people's minds and encourage more sales. The main purpose of advertising is to deliver the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, to enhance the image of the company, point out and create a need for their products or services, demonstrate new uses for the established ones, announce new products and programs, reinforce the individual messages of the sales people, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers. Advertising lies in the Promotion part of Marketing Mix, but it applies to all the other P's as well. Promoting one’s business is the key ingredient to making one’s business successful. Promotion, along with a great product, key placement, and a reasonable price, will help a marketer work his way to the top. Promoting does not mean leaving his advertising up to the word of mouth of his current customer. â€Æ' 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Brand Equity & ... ...n their advertising strategies as on their products and services †¢ Consumers’ attitude towards advertisements varies greatly †¢ Advertising is considered necessary for growth and success of big companies these days †¢ A product that is not advertised is lost on the customer. †¢ Advertising is the backbone of today’s sales industry. â€Æ' 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY †¢ DA Aaker, AL Biel- 1993- books.google.com †¢ T Meenaghan - Journal of Product & Brand Management, 1995 - emeraldinsight.com †¢ FM Scherer, D Ross - University of Illinois †¢ WF Mueller, RT Rogers - The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1980 – JSTOR †¢ M Sutherland, J Galloway - Journal of Advertising Research, 1981 - sutherlandsurvey.com †¢ VA Zeithaml, MJ Bitner - 1996 - lavoisier.fr †¢ business-finance.blurtit.com †¢ smallbusiness.chron.com †º Advertising & Marketing †º Advertising †¢ www.advertising.nsw.gov.au

A Remedy For Rootlessness Of Modern Suburban Life

According to Karl Zinsmeister of The American Enterprise, he said that â€Å"suburbia is actually a fairly radical social experiment†¦the disappearance of family time, the weakening of generational skills†¦the anonymity of community life, the rise of radical feminism, the decline of civic action, the tyrannical dominance of TV and pop culture over leisure time† (Silverman and Rader 225).I think this comment about the suburban lifestyle is   a   harsh description of the life in the   suburban area. Also, the author made false generalizations that were based on his own opinions and observations which are considered forms of discrimination, exaggeration and stereotype. These illustrations about the suburb and its residents were probably derived from a few people's point of view.Kenneth Frampton, an architecture professor at Columbia University, said that â€Å"What's upsetting is that the imagery of urbanism is so retrograde† ( Silverman and Rader 227).In t his statement by Frampton, I agree by what he said that the style of urbanism is simply a revival of past architectural designs. In addition, the new look of urbanism is merely a reintroduction of an old style with only a few modifications.More so, it contradicts the essence of urbanism which is supposed to denote freshness or innovation and not renewal or rebirth of a previous architectural style.Meanwhile,Alex Krieger, professor of urban design at Harvard University, have said commented on urban development and said that, â€Å"It's a decorative gate but it evokes the same associations as the real gate. It's a subtle for of ‘Keep Out'† ( Silverman and Rader 228).Urbanism is intended to be availed by common residents of a suburban area. However, due to some developments by private organizations, urban towns or neighborhoods have become exclusive areas which ironically only caters to the preferences of only the privileged.Works CitedSilverman, Jonathan and Rader, Dean. The World is a Text: The Writing, Reading, and   Ã‚   Thinking About Culture and Its Contexts (2nd Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2005.